Lymphedema management can reduce swelling, improve mobility and support quality of life. Learn the signs of lymphedema, risk factors and treatment options for managing symptoms during recovery and daily activities.
If you or your loved one is living with lymphedema, everyday activities can be challenging. Swelling that lingers long after surgery, cancer treatments or an injury is more than an inconvenience. It can affect mobility and increase your risk of complications, such as infections, skin discoloration and discomfort.
What is lymphedema?
Lymphedema is a chronic condition that occurs when the lymphatic system cannot effectively move lymph fluid through the body, causing swelling in the body tissue. When the lymphatic system is damaged or does not work properly, swelling develops most commonly in the arms or legs.
Although lymphedema is a lifelong condition, its symptoms can be managed with the right treatments.
Kanika Govil, director of therapy operations at Encompass Health Rehabilitation Hospital of Prosper, said anyone can develop lymphedema, but the risks are greater in people who have cancer or have experienced trauma.
“When individuals notice swelling, they shouldn't assume that it will go away on its own,” she said. “The earlier lymphedema is identified and treated, the sooner we can help reduce symptoms and prevent the condition from getting worse.”
Signs and symptoms of lymphedema
Symptoms can look different for everyone, but they often develop gradually and are mild at first.
Common signs include:
- Swelling in an arm, leg, hand, foot or other parts of the body
- A feeling of heaviness or tightness in the affected area
- Limited range of motion
- Pain, discomfort or fatigue in the affected limb
Why early lymphedema treatment matters
According to the CDC, untreated lymphedema can progress and increase your risk of skin infections such as cellulitis.
Seeking treatment early may help reduce swelling before it becomes severe, reduce discomfort, improve mobility and make performing daily activities easier.
Tips to reduce complications
Complications from lymphedema can lead to swelling, skin discoloration, infection or limited mobility. If left untreated, consistent fluid buildup can cause chronic inflammation, changes in skin texture and tissue damage.
Govil recommends the following tips and strategies to reduce the risk of complications:
- Avoid prolonged sitting or remaining in one position for extended periods
- Keep your skin clean and moisturized
- Maintain a healthy weight and healthy eating habits
- Seek medical care if you notice swelling, pain or other changes in symptoms
- Elevate affected limb to reduce fluid buildup and discomfort
- Exercise at least 30 minutes a day, three to five days a week
Lymphedema treatment options
Complete decongestive therapy (CDT) is considered the gold standard for lymphedema treatment. It typically includes:
- Manual lymphatic drainage, a specialized massage technique performed by therapists that helps redirect lymphatic fluid toward healthy drainage pathways.
- Compression bandaging or compression garments to support fluid movement and prevent recurrent fluid buildup.
- Skincare management to reduce the risk of infection and discoloration.
- Movement and exercise techniques to promote lymphatic flow and support mobility.
Govil said CDT is important because it helps individuals learn strategies and techniques to manage their symptoms.
“We use compression garments or wraps to provide gentle pressure to prevent fluid buildup and support lymphatic drainage,” she said. “Gentle exercise and movement like stretching and walking are essential for helping activate the muscles.”
Lymphedema management in inpatient rehabilitation
If you are recovering from a serious injury, illness or surgery and are also experiencing symptoms of lymphedema, ask your physician whether inpatient rehabilitation is right for you. Treatment is often most effective when delivered by a multidisciplinary team that may include a physician, therapists, nurses, case managers and dietitians. Together, the care team develops a personalized care plan based on your unique needs.
In the inpatient rehabilitation hospital, you will receive three hours of therapy, five days a week to learn the skills needed to manage your lymphedema, especially after surgery, cancer treatment or an extended hospital stay. This intensive therapy can help you regain strength, improve mobility and increase independence when self-care activities have become limited.
“Education is one of the most important parts of lymphedema management,” Govil said. “We provide thorough educational sessions for patients and family members. We teach them strategies for using compression garments and other compression therapies correctly to support lymphatic health post discharge.”
Caregiver support and information
Whether it's a spouse, family member or friend, caregivers play an important role in helping individuals manage lymphedema. Your support can make a lasting difference in day-to-day care, recovery and long-term symptom management.
Learn more about lymphedema support and find support groups and other educational resources near you.
